Sanitaryware Technical

High Pressure Casting Machine Overview, Steps involved, Parameters, Technologies, Advantages & limitation.
I have worked in high-pressure casting and I have learned how to handle it. So now I am going to share some of the most useful information that you need to know.

Overview:

High-pressure casting machines are advanced casting machine that is used in the sanitary ware manufacturing industry. High-pressure casting also is known as HPCM. Nowadays the number of companies produce these high-pressure casting machines are more. However, it is good to go with reputed companies to avoid maintenance cost. Trust me maintaining a high-pressure casting machine is not easy as maintaining any other machinery or equipment in the sanitary ware industry. Because it works with very high pressure and speed. A lot of technologies are used in high-pressure casting machine to finish a cycle in 20 minutes speed. Imagine a bench casting will take around 8 hours to finish a cycle and an HPCM machine will take 25 minutes to finish a cycle. So the percentage of the speed increased is = 480/25*100 = 1920%. So around 2000% increase in production cycle time. Anybody will say ‘wow’ for this much improvement in technology.

high pressure casting in sanitaryware

One cycle can produce around 4 to 6 Water closets or around 36 pedestals or around 24 to 30 mix of washbasins and pedestals or even around 44 pieces of Orissa Pan. One Cycle time of high-pressure casting will be between 20 minutes to 45 minutes depends upon the sanitary ware model produced by that machine.

Process involved in high pressure casting machine

It the same process as all other casting methods in sanitary ware. The difference is a lot of processes are carried out automatically. For example, in battery casting moulds have to clamp manually but in HPCM the moulds will be clamped by the automatic program itself. Same like this for pipe cleaning, mould cleaning, mould opening, slip filling, unloading, and demoulding. Same like battery casting a separate tank will be connected to each machine. The moulds that are used in high-pressure casting machine are resin moulds, not ordinary plaster moulds. The slip is heated to 45-degree Celsius to get high casting rate during layer formation time.A hot water circulation is given for the slip tank. So now we will see the process step involved in the Casting. Casting process steps are carried out by PLC program and these process steps are known as technologies. Time of the Every is set manually as per required.

Main stages of Technologies

• Moulds closure: This technology is used to clamp the moulds.
• Filling: Slip filling into the moulds from slip tank.
• Layer formation (10 to 13 bars HP): Thickness formation time. High pressure is give to form the casting layer in quick time. Normally it is around 3 to 6 minutes. It varies according to the slip properties and model casted.
• Decompression: Pressure reduction inside the mould.
• Drainage: Process of Unloading the slip from mould. Air is used to unload the excess slip.
• Hardening: Drying of the ware to give the handling strength to the product. it also carried out using air.
• Decompression: Making mould to the normal atmospheric air by opening the vent.
• Moulds opening: the process of opening the mould. clamp will be released.
• Demoulding: water to mould is given to demould the green wares from the moulds.
• Air to moulds: Removing the excess water from the mould after casting or demoulding or for cleaning purpose.
• Water to moulds: Keeping the required moisture content in the mould. And also used in demoulding times.
• Vacuum to moulds: Give vacuum to the mould when there is excess water in it. And also used in Clorox or acid cleaning.
• Flushing & cleaning of pipes and moulds: The name indicates the purpose.
• The last four technologies are used for Post-condition and Pre-conditioning of moulds.

Parameters

Parameters are required to maintain in High-pressure machine are, Pressure required: 10 to 13 bar pressure. Slip temperature: 45º centigrade to 47º centigrade. Litter weight: 1900 to 1920. Fluidity: 320 +or- 5. One minute Thixotropic: 40+or-5.

Advantages of high-pressure casting machine

Continuous production is possible. You don’t have to stop casting during the mould. The manpower required for production is very less compared to the number of items produced by a person.

Space required by a high-pressure casting machine is much lesser than a battery casting machine.

Worker or operator skill required is low compared to other casting techniques. Product finishing is excellent for the machine itself.

limitations

Initial set up cost is very high.

Maintenance cost is very high compared to other casting techniques.

Producing complex product like one piece toilet is not possible.

Conclusion

High-pressure casting machine is great like a flight, it is fast and more comfortable but you need to pay the price. It is Suitable for where manpower cost is very high. If manpower cost is cheap, I don’t think it is a good  choice.

If you want to ask anything about high-pressure casting machine, please leave your comment below and I will answer soon. If you are a supplier of this sanitary ware casting machine, please leave your company details below in the comment section.

See also sanitaryware Glazed by dipping method.

Types of Toilets listed out below, We will cover all ten types of toilets available around the world. Like every other invention on this earth, toilets are also invented and modernised by humans. Humans created different types of toilets according to their needs. The types used vary from place to place. Here we have listed types of toilets according to the shape and function of the toilets. All type of toilets will have two holes, one for Inlet another one for outlet. Inlet will be connected to the water line to flush the water to the bowl. The drainage had connected with an outlet. The outlet will flush out the waste from the bowl to drainage.

According to the user sitting position, we can classify toilets into two types:

1. European or Western Waters closet, also known as WC/EWC (Toilet designed to sit).
2. Squatting pan (Toilet is designed to squat).

Here is the List of Different types of toilets:

Water Efficient Toilet

I have taken this type of toilet in first to make sure every to chose this kind of toilets. This kind of toilets will help to save water every time we flush it. The design of the toilet bowl and the trap way help to flush the waste with less water. Nowadays we have new design toilets which use only 2 litres/0.58 US gallons. This kind of toilet will have a greater impact on the future. This does not only save the future but imagine how much water you can save per day that could bring so much water per year and also how much energy you need to pump this much water!

The water efficiency of the toilet is achieved by reducing the diameter of the drain size and also a curved design helps to create the vacuum when the water flows through it. It is an extensive section so read this article the water-efficient toilet

WC Health

WC health is a unique design by guralvit, a turkey sanitaryware manufacturing company. The WC is designed by combining Water closet comfort and Squatting pan health benefit. This design won red dot design award-2012. The weight of this product is around 40 Kgs. The sitting height from ground is around 22 cm to 25 cm. It is nearly half of the average height from the ground when compared to standard European water closet. Normal EWC sitting height will be around 50 CM to 56 CM from the ground. The antibacterial glaze is coated over the product.

types of toilets wc health

This WC health is a type of water closet, but you have to squat in this toilet. And also this is a type of one-piece toilet.

European or Western Water Closet

This WC or EWC are designed to sit in a toilet. This kind of toilet comes with seat & cover. While flushing, Cover needs to be closed. A Western Style toilet will be attached with a flush tank for flushing after usage. Flush Tank maybe plastic or ceramic one. A small amount of water will be trapped in the toilet itself by a water seal, and usually, this water seal height will be 50 mm. The normal water closet is open rim because the flushing tanks are high in position so that flushing will be effective. The height of European water closets is around 500 to 550 mm. The weight of WC will vary from 12 KG to 20 KG according to the design. All water closet must withstand a minimum of 400 Kg without breaking.

normal water closet ewc wc

Types of Water Closet Toilets:

The Standard Water closet can be classified according to the Trap design (Types of water closet):

1. S Trap types of Water Closet (EWC).
2. P Trap types of Water Closet (EWC).

Choosing between ‘S’ or ‘P’ trap water closet: Trap design is important when installing a toilet. Normally S tarp will be used in ground floor installations as piping can be done below ground level. Normally P trap will be installed in top floors because the installation of the pipeline under the toilet will be difficult. This water closet can be classified according to the Mounting system (Type of water closet):

1. 1. Floor mounts types of toilets.
   2. Wall Hung Types of toilets.

If the toilet can be installed on the floor, then it is known as floor mount water closet. Floor fixing hole is provided in this kind of floor mount toilets. Wall Hung toilets will be fixed in the wall by fixing the hole in the toilet. Normally floor mount toilet will come in both ‘P’ and ‘S’ Trap, but Wall mount model Toilet will come with ‘P’ Trap. Seat Cover used in water closet toilet can be classified into two types, one is hard to close, and another one is soft close. If the falling of seat cover is hard with sound, then the seat cover is known as a hard close seat cover. If the seat cover falls slow without any noise, then it is known as a soft close seat cover. Learn about all types of toilet seat covers here.

type of water closet wall hung toilet

Another way to classify the water closet is the visibility of the trap way:

1. Concealed trap way type of toilet.
2. Visible Trap way types of toilets.

In the concealed type of toilets, the trap will not be visible; the design itself will cover it. The cost of concealed trap toilet will be higher cost than the visible Trapway toilet. According to the bowl design toilets can be classified around four types:

1. Round bowl toilet.
2. Square bowl toilet.
3. Elongated Bowl toilet.
4. Rectangular bowl toilet.

Two-piece Toilet

Other types of toilets are two-piece toilets. Normal EWC toilet is extended to fit a ceramic tank in toilet itself. The name came from the design. Because a piece toilet bowl and a ceramic tank and it are coupled using bolts, so it is called as a two-piece toilet. Two-piece toilets are also called as a coupled closet because of design. The Weight of the Two-Piece toilet will be around 25 Kg to 45 Kg and it depends upon the design of the product. The coupled closet is designed in a closed rim method to pressurise the water during flushing. By this closed rim method, the required flushing is achieved.

two-piece types of toilets

Same like the Normal water closet two-piece WC also will be available in ‘S’ & ‘P’ trap and also floor mount as well as a wall mount. The cost of a coupled closet or two-piece toilets is in between cost of normal water closet and cost of one piece toilet. Let us see more about Water closet click here:

One-piece toilet

This type of toilets does not need a separate flush tank. The flush tank is attached with the body of EWC itself. The tank and body both are produced by ceramic material and fused together. So the problem of leakage is minimised. This toilet also called as a single piece toilet as bowl and tank is one product.

one piece of types of toilet

The one-piece toilet comes typically with only a floor mount type model. AS the weight of toilet will be more so normally single piece toilet will not be made in wall hung methods. The weight of the one-piece toilet will be around 38 Kg to 50 Kg. The one-piece toilet will be available in ‘S’ and ‘P’ Trap model. The one-piece toilet will be only designed as a closed rim only. The water pressure required to flush out the waste will be created by the closed rim model. The problem of leakage is very less in one piece toilet. Cost of one piece toilet will be higher than the two-piece toilet. Find 10 types of washbasins here.

Squatting Pan

This is the classic type of toilet. Day by day this classic toilet is replaced by modern water closet which gives more comfort and also gives more health complaint. It is proven that squatting pan toilets are much healthier than European water closet. The squatting pan called in many names as Indian pan, Orissa pan and also Asian pan toilet. These squatting pans have several designs and varying design country to country. Squatting pan normally used in Asian countries. Indian, Chinese & Japanese squatting pan greatly differ in design. These types of toilets are comparatively cheaper than the water closet type toilets.

squatting type pan

Squatting pan will not be directly connected to the drainage pipeline because the bad odour will come in the toilets. So squatting pan will be connected to the drainpipe by using an ‘S’ trap or ‘P’ trap. This trap will avoid the escape of bad odour from drain line by a water seal. Water seal of the squatting pan will be maintained by the trap. But in water closets, the design itself will maintain a water level to seal the bad order escape from the drain pipeline. Types of squatting Pan Toilets:

1. Standard squatting pan.
2. Sleek model squatting Pan.
3. Squatting Pan without foot rest.
4. Squatting pan separate foot rest.

Find more about Squatting Pan here,

Anglo- Indian Type Toilet

Anglo – Indian Type toilet is a combination of squatting pan Indian and western water closet style toilets. You can squat or sit in this toilet as you like. These types of toilets are brought when people get confused about the type of toilet they want to go with the squatting or western one. This toilet is also called as a combination toilet and universal toilet.

Anglo Indian type toilet

Anglo Indian pans are available in ‘S’ and ’P’ trap as well. This type of toilet only available in Floor mount model. This toilet also will come with a plastic seat cover. You need to attach a plastic tank or a concealed tank for this model of toilets for flushing.

Kid’s toilet

Kids Toilet is a specially designed toilet for kids. The size of the toilet is smaller so it can be used for especially under the age of 12. Nowadays seat covers are coming such a way that even children can sit on normal Water closet.

small size squatting pan              toilet for kids

• Squatting pan.
• Water closet.

Elderly toilet

These types of toilets are designed in such a way that older people can easily sit and rise. The pedestal height of the toilet is higher than the normal water closet. The height of the elderly toilet is around 70 cm.

Smart Toilet – An Intelligent type of toilet

These Toilets are the latest in this line. What is a smart toilet? A specially designed ceramic toilet is attached to the electronic seat cover. All functionally of the smart toilet were depended upon the seat cover.

smart toilet type

It comes with a remote to set functions and parameters. Some of the features of this smart toilet are listed below,

• Plays pre-set lyrics automatically when someone approaches.
• Automatic seat cover opening sensors which sense human approaches near to the toilet. It can even distinguish between men and women.
• It can also automatically open & close and has UV cleaning facility.
• You can set the temperature and pressure of the water and position of the water jet.
• User functionality can be saved.
• Inbuilt Warm air drier and temperature can be set as per user input.
• Dual flush option, eco flush or full flush were available.

Squatty-Potty Toilet:

In general, it is not a type of toilet, merely a method of using the toilet. Health problem arises when using a European water closet so a ceramic stand will be kept where the leg is placed in a water closet. So the angle of sitting will be nearly equal to squatting. So the health problems are reduced.

squatty potty type toilet

Rim less Toilet

Here comes the new model of toilet. This model allows to clean easily. Avoiding Corner in the rim area of toilet. It has been introduced in the wall hung water closet which is on oval or round shape. A small step will be given below the rim to make the flushing effectively. In future, we may expect this model in One piece toilet as well as other types of toilets. Many companies are trying to introduce this model now. We may expect this kind of model more in the market soon.

Tornado Toilet

This is also a new model of a water closet. The design will allow the toilet to flush and clean at the same time while flushing. The water will be circled in the water closet that helps to flush and clean the toilet easily. This types of flushing only possible in round shape toilets.

Conclusion

Even though only two types of toilets (Modern and classic) are there, it is further classified according to its functionality, Usability and designs. Now we have seen 10 Types of toilets and understand how these toilets are classified. Feel free to leave a comment below.

Hindware – HSIL. Know about Hindware Company Profile, Manufacturing Plant, Product, Market share, Address, Contact details & Jobs in Hindware.

Company Profile

Hindware, Formerly Known as (HSIL) is an Indian sanitaryware manufacturing company. HSIL (Hindustan Sanitaryware & Industries Limited) plant erection started in 1960 at Bahadurgarh, Delhi. Twyfords Ltd(England) gave Technical support for the construction. Production began in 1962. Hindware is one of the Top sanitaryware brands in India.

History:

Production started in Bahadurgarh in 1962 as Hindustan Twyfords. In 1962 Hindustan Twyford’s renamed to Hindustan Sanitaryware & Industries Limited. At 1982 Mr.Sandip Somany joined Hindustan sanitary ware & Industries Limited. At 1989 HSIL Brought plant in Hyderabad to increase production capacity. Then Hindware brand is introduced in 1991 for the first time. First water-saving Product launched in 1997. In 1999 Rassi ceramics acquired, it helped to increase the production capacity. At 2000 Hindware website came online. In 2001 ISO 9001:2000 Certification received. Export business Expanded in 2006. At 2008 corporate office was opened in Gurgaon. Aat 2009 Company renamed to HSIL.

Manufacturing plant:

Hindware having two Ceramic Sanitaryware Manufacturing plants and one faucet plant in India

1. Bahadurgarh (Haryana) – Ceramic Division 1.
2. Bibi Nagar plant (Secunderabad) – Ceramic Division 2.
3. Bhiwadi Plant, Rajasthan – Faucet Division.

All the three Manufacturing plant had separate R&D team for their plants. Both sanitaryware manufacturing plant having different modelling team Contains more than five modulars in their organisation. The manufacturing unit contains automated slip house & glaze preparation process, battery castings, glazing carousel and quality test equipment.

Sanitaryware Product Quality testing in Manufacturing plant:

Hindustan sanitaryware & industries limited follows strict quality checks to ensure only the best quality product to reach the market. Some of the quality test that is carried out day to basis are,

1. Flush test.
2. Load test.
3. Smoke test.
4. Ball test.

The Environment at HSIL

The environment at HSIL is friendly, and both the sanitary ware plant have quarters for employees inside the campus. Employees of HSIL can maintain a work-life balance. Bahadurgarh plant is Near to city area whereas Bibi Nagar plant is not so near to the city area. Both Plant has Sports club for quarters employees.

Jobs at Hindware:

You can click here to see the sanitaryware jobs availability.

Hindware product:

Sanitaryware products are being sold in three brand names. HSIL holds a 40% share of the sanitaryware product market in India.

1. Hindware.
2. Hindware Italian collection.
3. Hindware art

Available products:

1. Intelligent toilet
2. Single piece
3. Two-piece WC
4. Washbasin
5. Urinals
6. Bidets
7. Sinks
8. Kids Products
9. Faucets

Address

Corporate Office address:

Number: 301-302, Park Centra,
Sector-30, National Highway-8
Gurgaon, Haryana,
India.
Phone: +91- 124-477 9200
Fax: +91-124-429 2898-99

Latest Hindware TV Advertisement

Mr.Shah Rukh khan is the Brand ambassador of the Hindustan sanitaryware & Industries Limited.

For know details about Cera Sanitaryware click Here. And also see 100 Sanitaryware manufacturers in the world.

Here is the list of top best 50 Sanitaryware manufacturing companies (manufacturers) in Morbi. Get their address, E-Mail ID, Location, Product produced and other details about the industry. Morbi is known as a ceramic hub of India. In Morbi, more than 50 sanitary ware manufacturers companies located in and around.

Morbi sanitaryware industries are producing perfect and cheap price product because of various factors.

• First one is that Gujarat is an Industrial friendly state, the government supports for industrial growth which helps all industries to grow without much resistance.
• In sanitaryware companies usually, the cost of transportation of raw material is higher than the price of the raw material itself. One best example, A tonne ball clay will be 10 thousand INR, but transportation charge to the plant cost will be 25 thousand INR. In the case of Morbi, nearly all raw materials are available in and around Morbi, so the cost of production is low.
• And natural gas is available so there will be no need of expensive LPG or any other fuel for production which also contributes to less production cost.

If you are a sanitary ware store business owner and if you want to import or buy sanitaryware product from sanitary ware manufacturing company from Morbi then you need to consider some of the following points.

1. How many products are you looking to buy from Morbi for your sanitaryware store?

If you are not near to Morbi especially from the south side of India like Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Kerala, Tamil Nadu & Karnataka and you would like to buy and transport to your area then you need to calculate the number of the product that you are going to buy from Morbi and transportation cost. Whether it cost-effective or you can buy from some company located in south India.

2. Are you planning to sell your brand or any company brand product?

Some of the Morbi companies can supply your brand printed in their product so that you can trade on your name. But when you want to buy your brand name as own, You have to purchase all grades products. Like, First, second and third-grade products, because once your brands are printed on the product that the company cannot sell it to other clients. So you have to carefully decide which band name to be printed either the company brand or personal brand. If you plan to print your logo, then you have to look for companies that are ready to do your job. If a manufacturer brand logo is okay, then any company is right for you.

3. How many models are you planning to buy?

If you are planning to purchase many different models of sanitaryware products, then Morbi is the best place. Some average (up to 25%) companies in Morbi companies are producing only basic models of sanitaryware.

4. Do you know anyone from Morbi whom you can trust?

You need to check your ordered product before it is leaving the factory so that you don’t have to return the defective product after you receive. It is better to arrange one person to check one time before every orderbeing loaded on to the truck.

AARU SANITARYWARE

A Sanitaryware Products Manufacturer, Supplier And Exporter of Wash Basin Pedestal, Table Top, One Piece, Wall Hung, Water Closet, Pan, Urinal, Designer Series.

Address: Morbi-Jetpar Road, Survey No.395, B/h Light City Ceramics, At.Rangpur, Morbi-2 Gujarat- India.
Contact No:09978999603,09712 322 882
E Mail:info@aarusanitary.com

APPOLO SANITARY WARES

APPOLO SANITARY WARES is the Supplier and manufacturer of wall hung basin, corner basin, washbasin, pedestal.
Contact person: Mr Amubhai
Address: Plot No. 8-A, National Highway, Opp. Vishaldeep Mill, (Lalpar), Morbi – 363002, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 09825222978, 02822-241978/241278/221462/223462/220171
Fax: 02822-241787

AQUTOP CERAMIC

AQUTOP CERAMIC is the Manufacturer of Saintarware products such as Wash Basin, Wash-Basin With Pedestal, Wall Vit, Pan & Urinal, Vitrossa Series.

Address: Nr- Toll-Tax, Morbi-Wankaner-Highway, waghasiya, Tk Wankaner. Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 09638066200,07567892300,09879500812
E Mail: info@aqutopceramic.com

BELL SANITARYWARES

Bell Sanitarywares is the Manufacturer of Sanitaryware products such as 1. Closets- One-piece Toilet, Wallhung, EWC Floor Mounted, Floor Mounted Pans,Urinals, Accessories. 2. Basins -Basin with Pedestals, Art Basin, Feathered Edge Basin, Counter Basins,  Wall hung Basins 3. Couple Suits

Address: 8A National Highway, Jambudia, Morbi – 363642, Gujarat, India.
E-Mail: bellsanitarywares@gmail.com

CONFFI SANITARYWARE PRIVATE LIMITED

Conffi Sanitary ware Private Limited is the manufacturer of Ceramic Sanitary ware, One Piece Toilet, Wall Hung, Wash Basin, Urinals.

Address: 8-A, National Highway, At. Dhuva, Tal. Wankaner, Dist. Rajkot, Rajkot, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02828-287700
Fax: 02828-287500
E Mail: marketing@varmorasanitaryware.com

COTO BATHWARECOTO BATHWARE

Coto Bathware is the Manufacturer of Sanitary ware products such as Wash Basin, Table Top, Wall Hung, Water Closet, Pan.

Address: 8-A, National Highway, B/h Makansar Panjarapol Weed, Sartanpar, Tk.Wankaner-363 621, Dist. Rajkot, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 09909908877,09099173713,09099233533.
E-Mail: info@cotobathware.com

DELPHI CERAMICS

Delphi Ceramics is the Manufacturer of Sanitary ware Products such as Printed Vitrosa Art Wash Basin, Trap & Lab Sink, Counter Top Basin, Under Counter Basin, Top Basin, Bathroom Suite, Basin With Pedestal, Wall Hung Basin, Wall Hung Closet, Double Color Printed Basin.

Contact person: Mr.Milan Patel
Address: 8-A National Highway, Lakhdhirpur Road, Morbi – 363641, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 08045335880

DEVDOOT SANITARY WARES

Devdoot Sanitary Wares is the Manufacturer of sanitary ware products such as Counter Basin, Couple Suits, Pans & urinals, Printed, Rustic Series, Table Top Basin, Vitrosa Series, Wall Hung Basin, Wash Basin With Pedestal.

Address: 8-A, National Highway, PB No 360 (P.P.W.), Lalpar, Morbi, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02822-241918
Fax: 02822-241918
E Mail: info@silkware.in

EAGLE CERAMICS

Eagle Ceramics is the Manufacturer of Sanitary ware products such as Toilet, Squatting Pan, Urinal Bowl, Pedestal Basin, Mop Pool, Bathroom Furniture, Bathroom Vanity, Bathroom Faucet and Mixer, Kitchen Sink Basin.

Address: 8-A National Highway, Nava Jambudia, Morbi- 363 642. Rajkot Dt, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02822 – 283865/ 294233,09825222864, 09825312598
Fax: 02822-283644
E Mail: info@eagleceramics.net

EROS Sanitarywares

EROS for Sanitary wares is the manufacturer of Suite, Basin with Pedestal, Wall hung Basins, Tabletop Basins, Platform Basins, Counter/Under Counter Basin, Closet / Pan / Urinals, Accessories.

Contact person: Mr Karshanbhai Patel
Address: Shobheshwar Road, Opp. Picnic Centre, P.O.Box No. 342, Morbi-363642 Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02822-240440, 242106
Fax: 02822-241440
E Mail: info@eros.net.in, erossanitary@yahoo.co.in

HIRANI CERAMICS

Hirani ceramics is the Sanitary ware manufacturers of Wash Basin-Pedestal, Pedestal Rustic, Bowl, Wall Hung, Corner, Counter, EWC Closet, Orissa Pan, Urinal & Accessories.

Real Ceramic Pvt. Ltd :
Address: Ghuntu Road, Morbi -363642 Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02822 41866, 42866
Fax: 02822-42867 2. Hirani Ceramics:
Address: 8-A, National Highway,Dhuva, Wankaner Tk- 363621,Rajkot (Dt) ,India.
Contact No: 02828-287769
Fax: 02828-287779

HOME DÉCOR SANITARY COMPLEX

HOME DÉCOR SANITARY COMPLEX is the Manufacturer of Sanitary products such as Washbasin with Pedestal, Printed Series, Dual Tone Printed Series, Vitrossa Series, Table Top Washbasin, Wash Basin,One Piece, Wall Hung, Water Closet, Pan, Urinal, Accessories.

Address: 8-A, National Highway, Shobheshwar Road, Opp. Picnic Centre, Morbi – 363 642. Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 09825231614, 09825230614,02822-240480
Fax: 02822-240481
E Mail: info@homedecorceramic.com

KALYAN POTTERY WORKS

KALYAN POTTERY WORKS is the Products Trader, Supplier, Manufacturer and Exporter of Ceramic sanitary ware, urinal, wash-basins, flat back urinal, ceramic wash-basin, corner urinal, sq. Urinal, half stall urinal, squat pans, bathroom accessories.
Contact person: Mr Mansukh Bhai Patel
Address: 8-A National Highway Way, Rafaleswar, Makansar, Opp Daryyalal Resort, Morbi – 363642, Gujarat, India.

LALPAR POTTERIES

LALPAR POTTERIES is the Manufacturers of Sanitary Ware products.
Contact person: Mr. Bhaveshbhai
Address: Lalpar, Morbi, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02822 240103, 09825338674

MARVEL SANITARY WARE & INDUSTRIES

Marvel Sanitary Ware & Industries Is the Manufacturer of All types of Vitreous Tiles & Sanitary ware Products.
Address: Old Ghuntu Road, Morbi 363642, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02822- 240893

NEO CERAMICS

Neo ceramics is the Manufacturer of sanitary ware products such as bowl, colour bowl, printed bowl, couple suite, printed set, kitchen sink, small basin, under-counter, pan, pan accessories, paper holders.
Contact person: Mr. Sunil Adroja
Address: Old Ghuntu Road, Morbi – 363642, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 09825649990, 02822-241493/241494

NOBEL INDUSTRIES

Nobel industries are the Supplier, Manufacturer and Exporter of Sanitary ware products wash basins, pedestal wash basins, commodes, pans, urinals, sanitary ware accessories such as a shelf, cistern, foot rest.

Contact person: Mr Kailash Patel
Address: Old Ghuntu Road, Post Box No-66, Near Mega Vitrified, Morbi – 363641, Gujarat, India.

ORB CERAMIC PVT. LTD.

Orb Ceramic Pvt. Ltd. is the Manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Wash Basin, Water Closet, Designer, Cabinet Sets, Shower Panel, Accessories.

Address: Sartanpar Road, 8-A, National Highway, Sartanpar, Wankaner – 363622, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 07874778787
Fax: 011-45823582

OSHO SANITARYWARES PVT. LTD

Osho Sanitarywares Pvt. Ltd is the Manufacturer of Sanitary ware products such as One Piece Closet,Wall Hung Closet, One Piece Basin, Art Basin, Back to Wall Closet, Basin Set, Small Basin, Urinal, Water Closet.

Address: 27, National Highway, Sartanpar Road, Morbi-363642, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 090990 88442, 090990 88441
E Mail: info@oshosanitarywares.com

PRIYA CERAMICS

Priya Ceramics is the Products Supplier, Manufacturer and Exporter of Sanitary ware products such as sink, washbasin, bathtub, toilet set, pot, flush tank.

Contact person: Mr Kalpesh Patel
Address: 8-A N.H, Lalpar, Dist. Morbi – 363642, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 9033977065

PUPA SANITARY INDUSTRIES PVT LTD

Pupa Sanitary Industries Pvt Ltd is the Manufacturer of Sanitary ware products such as Suites, Closet, wash Basin, Accessories.

Address: 8 A National Highway, Near Rikon Ceramics, At. Makassar, Morbi – 363642. Gujarat – India.
Contact No: 09965559414, 09979964916
E Mail: info@pupasanitary.com

RAMESHWAR SANITARY WARES

Rameshwar Sanitary Wares is the Manufacturer of Sanitaryware products such as Wall Mounted Basin, Wall Hung Wash Basin and Corner Wall Mounted Wash Basin.
Contact person: Mr. Suman Patel
Address: Survey No. 559 P1, Opp. Viratnagar, Jetpar Road, At Rangpar Morbi – 363642, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 09427381619

REGAL SANITARYWARES

Regal Sanitarywares is the Manufacturer of Sanitaryware products such as wash-basin, MD pan, basin set, European Water Closet set, ct pan, ladies squatting urinal.
Contact person: Mr Jitendra D. Patel
Address: Door No-8-A, National Highway, Jambudiya, Near-Jambudiya Over Bridge, Morbi – 363642, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02822-283776
Fax: 02822-231524

SAMAY SANITARYWARE

Samay Sanitaryware is the Exporter, manufacturer and supplier of all type of sanitary wares, pedestal, wash-basin, bathtub.
Contact person: Mr Dilip M Kagathara
Address: No. 8-A, National Highway, Lakhdhirpur Road, Morbi – 363642, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 09979133300, 02822-241117

SANITECH SANITARY WARE

Sanitech Sanitary Ware Is the Manufacturer, Exporter and Supplier of Sanitary ware products such as Squatting Pans, EWC Water Closets, Wall Hung Water Closets, Urinal Sinks, Laboratory Sinks and Wash Basins.

Contact person: Mr Ketan Bhai
Address: Morbi, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 09825880800

SANYO CERAMIC

Sanyo Ceramic is the Manufacturer of Sanitary ware Products of Suite, Basin with Pedestal, Wall Hung Basin, Table Top Basin, Counter Basin, Closet, Pan & Urinal, Accessories, Seat Covers, Flushing System.

Address: 8-A National Highway, P. O. Box: 389, Lalpar, Morbi – 363642, Gujarat – India.
Contact No: 02822-41994
Fax: 02822-40799
E Mail: info@sanyoceramics.com

SHREE NILKANTH INDUSTRIES

Shree Nilkanth Industries is the Manufacturer and supplier of sanitary ware products such as wash basins, sink, taps, ceramic wall, floor tiles.

Contact person: Mr Suresh Patel
Address: Plot No. 8-A, National Highway, Jambudiya, Near Dariyalal Resort, Morbi – 363642, Gujarat, India.

SIFON CERAMIC

Sifon Ceramic is the manufacturer of Sanitary ware products such as Wash basin pedestal, Wall hung basin, counter & tabletop, wall hung & water closet, urinal & pan, multicolour Vitrosa, wooden, rustic.
Address: Matel New Dhuva Road, Near Sandy Clay Product, At Lakaddhar, Tal: Wankaner, Morbi – 363621, Gujarat, India.
Contact person: Mr Mukesh Patel
Contact No: 09825398450
Contact No: 09898083767

SILVER CERAMICS

Silver Ceramics is the manufacturer of Pedestal Wash Basin, Wash Basin, Commode, Suites, Table Top Wash-basin, Urinal Accessories.

Address: Navagam Road, Amarapar, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
E Mail: silver_ceramic@yahoo.com
Contact No: 02751 220160, 098251 57160

SIMPOLO VITRIFIED PVT LTD

SIMPOLO VITRIFIED PVT LTD is the Manufacturer of sanitary items such as Bathroom Suites, Wash Basin, Water Closet, Cistern, Urinal.

Address: Old Ghuntu Road, Morbi – 363 642, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02822-242122, 241622, 243622
E Mail: tiles@simpolo.net
Fax: 02822-243122

SKYWING SANITARY

Skywing Sanitary is the Manufacturer, supplier and exporter of sanitary wares and wash-basin, European, Anglow.

Contact person: Mr Babu Bhai Bhimani
Address: Jetpar Road, At. Bela Near Cng Pump, Morbi – 363642, Gujarat, India.

SOLO CERAMICS

Solo Ceramics is the Manufacturer and Exporter of sanitary ware products such as toilet seat, kitchen sink, Urinals, one-piece, suites, washbasin.

Address: 8-A, National Highway, Opp. Sonica Ceramics, Lalpar, Morbi, Gujarat-363642, India.
Contact No: 02822-240203,291393
Fax: 02822-241863
E Mail: info@soloceramics.com

SOMEX CERAMIC PVT. LTD

Somex Ceramic Pvt. Ltd is the manufacturing of following Sanitaryware products 1. WHITE WARE Suites, Basin with Pedestal, Wall hung Basin, Table Top Basin, Counter Basin, Ready Concepts, Closet, Pan & Urinals, Accessories. 2. HAND MADE Table Top, Wall hung Basin, Basin Pedestal, Corner Basin, Suites.

Address: 8-A National Highway, Lalpar, Morbi-363642, Gujarat-India.
Contact No: 02822-240643
Fax: 02822-240653
E Mail: info@somexindia.com

SONA CERAMIC

Sona Ceramic is the Manufacturer of Urinals, Wall Hung Wash Basin, Table Top Basin, Toilet/ Water Closet, Wash Basin With Pedestal, Suite.

Address: Old Ghuntu Road, Morbi-363 642, Gujarat, India
Contact No: 02822-240222, 241526
Fax: 02822-240122
E-Mail: info@sonaceramic.com

SONARA SANITARY WARES PVT LTD

Sonara Sanitary Wares Pvt Ltd is the Manufacturer of Sanitary ware products such as Suites, Basin With Pedestal, Under and Top Counter Basin, Wall Hung Basin, Table Top Basin, Designware, Rustic Series, Supremo, Antique Bowl Series, Wall Mounted Basin, Closet Pan Urinals.

Address: New Jambudia, 8-A National Highway, Morbi-363641, Rajkot, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02822-283566, 09825223255, 09825672160, 09825671524
Fax: 02822-283566
E Mail: info@sonarasanitarywares.com

SONEX CERAMICS

Sonex Ceramics is the Manufacturer of all kind of Sanitaryware Products such as Series, Wash Basin with Pedestal, Wash Basin, Counter Basin, Art & Craft Series, Water Closet, Pan, Urinals, Accessories and Allied products.

Address: 8-A National Highway, P.OBox: 303 Lalpar, Morbi – 363642, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02822-40309
Fax: 02822-40799
E Mail: info@sonexceramics.com

SONICA CERAMIC

Sonica Ceramic is the Manufacturer of Sanitaryware products.
Contact person: Mr. Jagdishbhai
Address: Lalpar, Morbi – 363641 Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02822-240203/243428, 9825079309
Fax: 0288-241863

SOYO CERAMIC PVT.LTD.

Soyo Ceramic Pvt.Ltd. Is the Manufacturer and Exporter of Single piece Toilet, Wall hung Toilet, Wash Basin, Pedestal and Tabletop Wash Basin.

Address: Jetpar Road, Opp Rangpar Village, At Rangpur, Morbi – 363641, Gujarat, India.
Contact person: Mr. Jitu Bhai Patel
Contact No: 09904218899

SUN CERAMICS

Sun Ceramics is the manufacturers and exporters of pedestal wash basin, wall mounted wash basin, squatting pan and toilet set.

Contact person: Mr.Aghara Hitesh Naranbhai
Address: Bhadiyad Ta Morbi Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 08042755553, 09909940989

SUNGOLD SANITARY

Sungold Sanitary is the Manufacturer and supplier of sanitary wares such as wash-basin pedestal, wash basin, ceramic wash-basin, counter basin, pan, urinal pan, water closet.

Contact person: Mr Jayanti S. Patel
Address: Old Ghuntu Road, Post Box No. 93, Morbi – 363642, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02822-243768/242482, 09727521482
Fax: 02822-242982

SUNSILK CERAMIC PVT. LTD

Sunsilk Ceramic Pvt. Ltd is the Manufacturer of Sanitaryware Products.

Address: 8-A, National Highway, Jambudia, Morbi – 363 642, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02822-283860
Fax: 02822-283870
E-Mail: info@suncera.com SUNWARE CERAMIC Sunware Ceramic is the Manufacturer of Sanitaryware products such as Urinal, wash-basins, flat back urinal, ceramic wash basin, corner urinal, Squatting urinal, half stall urinal, squat pans, bathroom accessories, square pans.
Contact person: Mr Kavarbhai
Address: 8-A National Highway, Morbi Dist. Rajkot Gujarat – India.
Contact No: 02822-241805, 09825225805
Fax: 02822-242851

SWEDE SANITARY WARES

Swede Sanitary Wares is the Manufacturer of Wash Basin, Table Top, Wall Hung, Water Closet and Pan.

Address: Jetpar Road, Near Smile Ceramic, At Bela, Morbi-363642, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 09979442551
E-Mail: info@swede.in TESSA SANITARY WARES is the manufacturers of English Toilet, Western Toilet, Wash Basin and Stylish Western Toilet.
Contact person: Mr Abhishek Arvadia
Address: Morbi, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 09825223279

VISHVA SANITARY WARES

Vishva Sanitary Wares is the Sanitary Wares Products Manufacturer And Suppliers Of Wash Basin, Ceramic Sanitary Ware, Wash Tub, Table Tap, Wall Hung Closet, Water Closet, Wall Hung Basin.

Contact person: Mr Piyush Patel
Address: No. 8-A, National Highway, At Nava Jambudiya, Near Olwin Vitrified, Morbi – 363642, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 09974660000

WIDE-ANGLE SANITARY WARES

Wideangle Sanitary Wares is the Manufacturers and Suppliers of Orissa Pan Toilet, Bathroom Commode, EWC Toilet Seat, Wall Hung Toilet, Wash Basin, etc.

Contact person: Bhadresh Panchotiya
Address: Jetpar Road, Opposite Satyam Way Bridge, Near Gravity Ceramic, Morbi – 363642, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 08042967751

If we miss any Sanitaryware Manufacturing Companies in Morbi, You Can send it below. See more about sanitaryware manufacturers in world & sanitaryware manufacturer in Thangadh.
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Ball Clay– What is it?, Properties, Chemical formula & Composition, Test, Mining & Processing, Uses, Suppliers & everything you need to know about Ball clays.

What is Ball clay?

Ball clays are kaolinite rich secondary clay which is available in dark brown to black colour due to relatively high organic impurity content. Once it fired, it will become white to lite cream colour. It consists of three major minerals that are kaolinite, mica & quartz. It is a high plastic clay and contains more fine particles. It is also known as plastic clay. The name ball clay came from the mining method of cutting the mud out in balls. Many properties match stoneware clay, but these stoneware never gives white product after burning.

Ball clays are characterised by higher plasticity, dry shrinkage and dry strength as compared to china clay. They are chemically impure and often contain a large proportion of silica, iron and titanium impurities.

The sedimentary clay also contains both carbonaceous matter and lignite in the agglomerate form (>50Mic) and colloidal form(<2 Mic). It’s believed that the carbonaceous material within the prescribed limit (<2wt %) influences the physical properties of the clay and also increases the unfired strength of clay. However, it increases porosity after firing, resulting in a decrease in fired strength. It also increases the casting thickness.

Ball clay Properties

The ball clay deposit is sedimentary and consists of numerous strata which frequently vary significantly in physical properties although perhaps not much in chemical composition. Ball Clay is generally called Kaolin, that had been transported from the primary decomposed parent, or igneous rock which were usually granite by nature via glacial displacement making It is a secondary clay, and in this process, it not only does it gain high organic impurities and iron contaminants but the material gets ground down into a finer particle size!

Quality specifications of ball clay

Some relevant quality specifications of the ball and plastic clay are:

• Residue/girt content on 45 microns (325 mesh) IS sieve should not be more than 2.0 wt%
• Particles coarser than 25 microns should be~ 3.0 wt%
• Particles fine than 2 microns should be~70 wt% Min
• The water plasticity should be ~ 34 wt % Min
• Unfired Strength (MOR) should not be less than 35.0 kg cm2.
• Contents of Fe2o3 & TiO2 combined should not exceed 2.75 wt%, and the individual constituents should not be more than 1.5 wt%

Physical properties of Ball clay

Main features include high plasticity due to fine particles which give high green strength for handling the product at the green stage. Requires much more deflocculant to get required fluidity compared to china clay because of fine particles and organic impurities. High Green MOR compared to china clay due to more fine particles. Fired shrinkage is comparatively more due to high loss on ignition and particle size distribution. Green Modulus of Rupture: 65 Kg/cm².

1. Water absorption after Firing: Around 10%
2. Ph value: From 6 to 8
3. % of Dry Shrinkage : 3 to 4 %
4. % of fired shrinkage: 4% to 6%
5. Residue on 40 mesh : 1% to 3%
6. Casting rate is comparatively low when compared to china clay in slip condition with same fluidity, viscosity and density.
7. Drying time is slow compared to china clay.
8. Ball clay should never tested for colour in the concentrated state since its density, and adsorbed salts give colour intensities which are misleading.

Chemical Formula & Composition of Ball clay

The Chemical formula of ball clay is Al₂O₃. 2SiO₂.2H₂O.

The chemical composition of ball clay varies very much from place to place even from one lot to another.

Ball clay Processing

Ball clays are sold directly from the mine without processing, other than the air-drying which may occur under favourable circumstances.

Ball clay storage for use But some cases Ball clay proceeded after mining before packing to remove impurities. Steps in the Ball clay processing are

• Mining
• Sieving
• Settling
• Fitter pressing
• Drying
• Packing

Mining

Ball clay is extracted generally by a mechanical, hydraulic backhoe. Then it will be mixed with water and sent to sieve.

Sieving

Then the ball clay slurry is passed through a series of sieves to remove the impurities. This sieve is passed up to 40 mesh.

Settling

After sieving the slurry will be passed through a series of zig zak settling to allow clay particles to settle down. In this stage, the maximum amount of water will be remove.

Filter Pressing

The slurry from the settled tank will be feed into the filter press to remove the water to form cake state clay.

Drying & packing

The cake form ball clay dried in the atmosphere for some time. Then it is packed in 50 kgs bags and transported to the customer.

Normally Single ball clay is not used in the process because of much varying properties from one delivery to another delivery. So normally two or more ball clay is mixed and used in production process in sanitaryware.

Ball Clay Tests

Following are some of the test that is carried out in a laboratory where ball clay used as a raw material in the production process. Sample for testing will be taken from different areas from the clay leap so that the result will be accurate.

1. Moisture Test
2. Alkali Demand Test
3. Residue Test
4. Shrinkage test
5. LOI Test
6. Water Absorption Test
7. MOR Test
8. Casting Rate

Moisture Test

This test is carried to find out the percentage of moisture content present in the received ball clay load supply. The formula for Percentage of Moisture is

Moisture % = ((W1 – W2)/W1)*100.

Where W1 is initial weight (100 gm),

W2 is Final weight after the sample has dried.

Alkali Demand Test

This test is carried out to find the Sodium Silicate solution required to obtain less than 20 this for ball clay slip. The formula used to calculate the alkali demand is,

Alkali Demand % = ((Z/2)/W1)*100 ,

whereas Z is grams of sodium silicate solution added & W1 is the weight of the clay taken initially.

Residue Test

This test is carried out to find the residue percentage in the clay on 200 mesh sieve. The formula used to calculate the % of residue in clay

Residue % = W1/{((Density x 100) – 100 x 1.625)} x 100 ,

whereas W1 is weight of residue.

Shrinkage Test

This test is carried out to find the Dried shrinkage %, Fired shrinkage % & Total shrinkage % for ball clay.

The formula used to find the Dried Shrinkage is,

Dried Shrinkage % = (L1-L2)/L1 x 100.

The formula used to find the friend shrinkage is.

Fired shrinkage % = (L2-L3)/L3 x 100.

The formula used to find the Total shrinkage is,

Total shrinkage % = Dried shrinkage % + Fried shrinkage %

whereas L1 is the initial length of the casted sample bar,

L2 is the length of dried sample bar after drier,

L3 is the length of the fired sample after kiln.

LOI Test

This test is used to find the loss of ignition of the clay. Weight loss during firing is called the loss of ignition. The formula used to find the LOI is,

LOI % = (W1-W2)/W1 x 100,

Whereas W1 is the initial weight of the sample taken,

W2 is the weight of the sample after firing from the kiln.

Water Absorption Test

Formula used to find the water absorption percentage is

Water absorption % = [W2-W1] x 100/ W1

whereas W1 is original dried sample weight,

W2 is the final weight of the sample after immersed in the boiling water.

Green MOR Test

This test is to find the green Modulus of rupture of the ball clay. The formula used to find the Green MOR is

MOR = 8 x P x L / [ Π x D³],

L is the length in cm;

D is the diameter of the bar in cm.

Casting Rate

To find the slip casting rate for an hour. Less than 20 Thixo slip is made by adding sodium silicate to the ball slip at 1.8 density. This ball clay slip is poured into a plaster mould and left for an hour and then drained, and left half an hour for drying then the casting rate is found by using vernier scale.

Find more tests taken in sanitaryware products here.

Ball Clay Suppliers

We have listed below some supplier of ball clay from around the world,

• Imerys ceramics India Private Ltd. – IndiaAddress: Surya arcade, 4th floor,Begumpet,Hyderabad – 500016,India.Contact No: 040-30586666, 30689851, 30689877, 30682266, 30689880,07702070088, 09959911833
• Kothari Clay industries. – Gujarat, India.Contact Person: Mr Chetan KothariAddress: Mahalaxmi Street, Post Office, Thangadh – 363530, Gujarat, India.Contact No: 09825393663, 02751-220263/220863Fax: 02751-220263
• Ashvin ceramics. – India

• Swastik Minerals. – India

• Amarnath Industries. – IndiaContact Person: Mr Amarnath JhaAddress: Behind Arya Samaj School, Rathkhana Colony, Bikaner – 334001, Rajasthan, India.Contact No: 09414147777
• Old Hickory Clay Company – USAAddress: 962 State Route 1241 Mayfield, KY 42066, USA.Contact No: 800-242-6885
• Jannat Enterprise – Malaysia Address: kulim, Kedah, Malaysia.Contact No: 60-50230-15
• Advance Clay Supplies – Malaysia Contact Person: Abdullah HassanAddress: Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Zip code:68100.Contact No: 60-10-9828969, 60-109828969
• Mita Madencilik Ltd – Turkey Address : Eskisehir, Seyitgazi, Turkey, Zip Code: 2600Contact Person:Takittin ErolTelephone:90-252-3822744Fax: 90-252-3824211

Functions

The major functions of the ball and plastic clays in ceramic bodies are:

• Provide fine particles
• Higher plasticity and workability
• Higher dry and lower fired shrinkages
• Higher unfired strength
• Make ceramic bodies buff burning, low maturing and less translucent due to the presence of a large number of impurities.

Ball clays are also essential in tileware bodies for plasticity and workability for pressing and unfired strength required for the handling of pressed tiles.

Uses of Ball clay

• Used as a raw material in sanitary ware production.
• Ball clay is an essential raw material in sanitaryware production due to its green strength. It gives the sanitaryware handling strength in the green stage. Around 20% were used in the composition of sanitaryware production.
• Used as a raw material in wall & floor tiles production
• Around 14% used in floors and wall tiles production to give better particle size distribution for better density and whiteness to the product.
  
• Used as a Raw material in Refractory Production
• Because of the plasticity property of the ball clay, it is used in the refractory bricks production to give shaping to the product.
• Used as Raw material in Ceramic clay pipe production
• Due to the shaping property, it is used in ceramic clay pipe production.
• Used as a raw material in Electrical insulators
• It is used in electrical insulator production to give the insulation properties to the insulator.
• Used in Tableware production
• One of the raw material for the production of tableware. It gives better shaping and green strength to the tableware product.
• Used as other than ceramic industries as filler & extender
• Ball clay used in other than ceramic industries for its binding properties. It is used as a filler in paint, fertiliser, etc..

Conclusion

In this article we tried to cover as much as possible about ball clay, we know that nothing is perfect everything can be improved further so if you feel that we missed something that you like to add in this article please leave your comment below. Find more details about China clay here.

Find China Clay Definition, Processing, Properties & uses here. China Clay is also known as kaolin & white clay. Can use to make the required shape when it is wet.

What is china clay?

China Clay is also known as kaolin & white clay. Primary clay formed by natural kaolinisation process. It is formed by the decomposition of some part of feldspar mineral. White in colour, Used in the ceramic slip casting process, pressing processes and forming process as a body former and filler.

china clay

The chemical formula of China clay is Al2Si2O5(OH)4.

Formation of China Clay

Many theories put for the Formation of China clay; some of them accepted widely. We will see some of the methods in details: 1) The igneous emanation theory. 2) The surface weathering theory. 3) The bog or moor water theory.

The igneous emanation theory:

As per Igneous emanation theory igneous gases from the centre of the earth and super-heated steam, carbon dioxide, fluorine compounds and boron are the active agents to decompose some part of feldspar. Clay formed by this theory will be in deep depth from the Surface. Clay Found in china supports this theory.

The Surface Weathering Theory:

Clay formed by this Surface weathering theory found near to the surface. This theory explains that feldspar decomposed by water containing carbon dioxide. Clay found in France is created by this theory.

The bog or moor Water theory:

Clay Formed by this theory found near to the lignite beds. This theory explains that water from bogs are active agents for kaolinization as it contains ammoniacal salts and organic acids. This theory forms the German clays.

Processing of China Clay

Processing of china clay difference from place to place but the essential step are the same. i)Excavating china clay. ii) Sieving process. iii) Settling process. iv) Filter press process. v) Drying process. vi) Packing and Transporting.

Excavation of china clay

China clay extracted from the deposits by mixing with water using jet water splashier. Forced water is sprayed on clay and mixed with water, this water plus clay slurry is pumped to ground level. In this slurry, the clay content is very low, generally below 10 percent. Then this slurry is sent to the net process.

Sieving process

The slurry mix from the deposit passed through a series of sieves. Usually 40 Mesh, 100 mesh and 200 mesh are kept in series to remove all other materials from the slurry. In this process, from small stones to sand materials were removed by sieves. The Sieved slurry will be sent to the settling process.

china clay sieving

Settling Process

Then this slurry is sent to a series of settling tanks. Clay particles are allowed to settle in settling tanks. In this process, the clay percentage in the slurry is increased up to 50 to 60 percentage. The settling tank is designed in a zigzag way as you can see in the below picture. It is to make the clay particles to settle quickly by Restricting the flow.

china clay settling tank

Filter press process

Then the clay slurry is sent to fitter press by a pump. After the fitter press process, the clay will have around 15% to 20% of moisture content. The cake-like material is taken out from the filter press.

China clay filter pressing process

Drying Process

This Cake form clay is dried naturally to remove moisture from it. Once dried, the moisture contact will be around 5%.

Packing & Transporting

Dried china clay will be broken to small pieces and packed in 50 kg bags. And then it is transported to the required location.

china clay packing

Find the tests are carried out in Clay here and for the sanitary ware product.

Properties of China Clay

China clay is Primary clay and generally found in white colour.

1. Casting Rate: High casting rate in slip casting compared to ball clay.

2. Particle size: Large particles when compared to Ball clay.

3. Green MOR: Modulus of rupture is low compared to ball clay.

4. Plasticity: Low plasticity compared to ball clay.

5. Refractoriness: High Refractoriness.

Uses of China Clay

China clay used in all Kind of ceramic product production and other products for its properties. Following are the primary uses of the china clay,

1. Used In Sanitaryware industry

2. Used in the tiles Production industry

3. Used in Refractory production

4. Used in the Paper industry as a filler

5. Used in Rubber industry as a raw material

6. Used in textiles industries

7. Used in the Dinnerware production process as a raw material

8. Used in pottery works, Etc

Comment below if you think I need to add anything more to this article. Find about Ball clay here.

Find the Difference Between One-piece toilets vs Two-piece toilets here. I have compared all the difference between these two toilets for you and list below. You can choose and buy the best & suitable bathrooms for your need.

When you finish reading this article, you will get a clear picture of which type of toilets to choose to buy for your needs.

First things first, let me explain what is one piece toilet and what is two-piece toilet. The primary function of both the toilets is flush out the waste from the human body.

Difference between one piece toilet vs two piece toilet

A water closet consists of three parts; they are bowl, pedestal and a tank. Foundation of the toilet is to give the required height for the toilet. Bowl in the toilet is designed to collect the waste and flush out the debris to the drain pipeline. The tank is to store the water and provide the required pressure to flush out the waste from the toilet.

If the toilet and tank were fused without any joints, then the toilet is known as a one-piece toilet or also known as single piece toilet.

If the toilet and tank are separate and joined using fittings, then it is known as a two-piece toilet or also called as coupled toilet.

Find ten types of toilets here. Now let’s dive into the comparison.

Price

When we buy anything price will be considered a significant point. One-piece toilets will be a much higher price than the two-piece toilet. Because of the Production difficulties to produce a one-piece is much higher than creating a two-piece toilet. So the cost of one piece toilet is double than a two-piece toilet. The winner is Two-piece toilet.

Design availability

Typically both the toilets are available in similar designs. As you can see in the below two models of toilets, the design of the toilet is the same, but you can get a single piece or coupled closet, that is your choice. So design-wise both are same.

Aesthetic Look

Based on the appearance when we compare both single-piece toilet along with a coupled closet toilet, the one-piece toilet made without any joint or gap between tank and body.

Weight

One-piece toilets are designed to withhold the ceramic tank during the firing cycle in the production cycle, so in the design itself, the products are higher in weight. Usually, the weight of a single piece toilet is around 40 Kg (88 Pounds). A two-piece toilet weight is around 25 Kg (55 Pounds). So with the solid mass, the winner is one piece of a toilet when comparing weight.

Mounting Options

As we have seen before the weight of a one-piece toilet is higher when comparing to a two-piece toilet, because of the more weight one-piece can’t be hanged on the wall. So for coupled closets, you can get wall mount and floor mount models, but for one piece only floor models will be available. So if you are looking for a wall-hung model, then you have to go for two-piece toilet.

Size

The size difference between one-piece toilets and two-piece toilets are not much as both are nearly same in size. But if you look at transportation option, then two-piece can be easier because you can get a toilet and tank separately. Height of both toilet is around 400 MM (15.7 Inch).

Functionality

The functionality of both toilets are not depended upon the toilet model. It depends upon flushing mechanism used in the toilet and design of the toilet. So one piece and two-piece toilets are getting equal points in this comparison.

Installation

About installation, we can look in two views,

1. If you look at the installation of toilet and fittings, then one piece is much easier to install compared to the two-piece toilet Because the toilet and tank are already connected. So no need of any mechanism to connect. Two-piece toilet fitting is difficult than one piece toilet fitting. For preventing water leakage and proper flush functioning, the tank and the toilet fitting should be done properly.

2. The second one is moving a one-piece is much difficult when compared to two-piece because of the very heavyweight. But moving a two-piece toilet is easier because the toilet and tank could be moved separately.

Maintenance

Due to fewer fittings in one piece toilet, the maintenance is very less. In the two-piece toilet, the problem may arise in tank and toilet joint areas. Cleaning is comparably easy in one piece toilet because of the no joint and no gap design. But cleaning has to be taken care in two-piece toilet & tank joint areas.

Other Points

(i) Glaze colour depends upon the toilet manufacturer, normally one-piece and two-piece toilets are available in white and ivory colour. If you are looking for double colour and different colours you have to look for china made toilets.

(ii) Both the toilets you can get seat cover as a soft close seat cover as well as a hard close seat cover.

(iii) Both the toilets can be available in ‘P’ Trap and ‘S’ Trap.

Conclusion

When comparing the difference between the one-piece toilet and two-piece toilet more points favours to the one-piece toilet. So if you are OK to spend a little more money then definitely go for one piece toilet.

If you have any doubt or having thoughts, share it in the below comment area.

Find About Orissa Pan here.
[washbasin]

Here is the list of Top sanitaryware companies in Thangadh, Gujarat, India. We have listed out more than 80 sanitary ware manufacturing Industry Address, Contact Information, etc.,

sanitaryware manufacturer in thangadh India

Sanitaryware Companies in Thangadh You can find out the sanitary ware companies in Alphabetical wise here

A Series

(i) AARTI CERAMIC INDUSTRIES

Aarti Ceramic Industries is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Boston wash basin with pedestal, Mibli wash basin, Venezia water closet, Astoria wash basin with pedestal. Address: Jamwadi, Chotila Road, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Akhil Shah
Contact No: 098252176399, 02751-220639
Fax: 02751-220939

(ii) ALLWYN CERAMICS

Allwyn Ceramics is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as a wash basin, European western closet, ceramic bidet, urinals, tiles, ceramic bath tub. It was established in the year 1992.
Address: Near Ansoya Weigh Bridge, Amrapar, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Vimal Shah
Contact No: 09825828844, 02751-220940
Fax: 02751-220940

(iii) ALPINE CERAMICS

Alpine ceramics is the sanitaryware Products Manufacturer and Suppliers of various types of toilets Bath tap, bath tub, wash basin, water closets, bidets, wash basins, faucets, wellness, over counter.

alpine manufacturers in thangadh

Address: Surendra Nagar, Navagam Road, Navagam Village, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Vishal Patel
Contact No: 02751-222716, 222816, 08980000242

(iv) ANCHOR SANITARYWARE

Anchor Sanitary ware is the manufacturer of Sanitaryware products such as Suits, Wash Basin Pedestal, Wash Basin, Water closet, Pans, Urinals, Accessories, Fittings, Sink &Trays. It was established in the year of 1970.

anchor sanitaryware gujarat sanitaryware company

Address: P. O. BOX No. 44, OPP. Dholeshwar Plot, R. P. Sompura Road, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02751-220592
Fax: 02751-220391
Email: choice_international@yahoo.com, choice_traders@yahoo.com

(v) ANCHOR SINKS PVT. LTD

Anchor Sinks Pvt Ltd. is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Boston wash basin with pedestal, mibli wash basin, Venezia water closet, Astoria wash basin with pedestal.
Address: Opp to Gujarat Electricity Board, Buildingnear Police, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02751-220146, 220348, 221026

(vi) ANNEXY INTERNATIONAL

Annexy international is the sanitary ware products manufacturer of following products such as Wash Basin with and without Pedestal,Table Top Wash Basin, Wash Basin With Stand, Counter Wash Basin, Wall Mounted Wash Basin, One Piece Toilet, Wall Hung Water Closet, Water Closet, Urinal, Sink, Seat Cover, Accessories.

Annexy International Sanitaryware company in Thangadh.

Address: Navagam Road, Navagam, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02822- 2224773, 09825224773
Email: info@annexy.in

(vii) ARIHANT CERAMIC INDUSTRIES

Arihant Ceramic Industry is the Sanitary ware manufacturer and Exporter of Pedestal Wash Basin, Suites, Wash Basin, Commode, Water Closet, Urinals, Sinks, Accessories.

arihant sanitaryware ndustries thangadh.

Address: Chotila Road, Jamvadi, Surendranagar Dt, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Vinod Gandhi
Contact No: 02751-220895,098252 17895,099988 89888
Fax: 02751-220795
Email: arihantceramic@Yahoo.co.in, arihantceramic@gmail.com

(viii) ARISTON CERAMIC

Ariston Ceramic is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Suites, Wash Basins – Pedestal wash Basins, Water Closet Pans, Urinals, Sink & Tray, Accessories, Fittings.

ariston thangadh sannitaryware company

Address: P. O. Box No. 44, Opp. Dholeshwar Plot, R. P. Sompura Road, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02751-220592
Fax: 02751- 220391

(ix) ASHIRWAD CERAMICS PVT. LTD.

Ashirwad Ceramics Pvt. Ltd. is the sanitary ware manufacturer in the year of 2009 and the Products Ranges are Water Closet, Squatting Pan, Wash Basin With Pedestal, Small Wash Basins, Urinals, Rustic Sanitary Ware, Printed Wash Basins with Stickers, Vitrosa Wash Basins, Ceramic Accessories. It is in the brand name of SANSO sanitary

ashirwad ceramics thangadh sanitaryware manufacturers

Address: Navagam Road, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02751- 220123, 099798 52100
Fax: 02751- 222123
Email: ashirwadceramics@hotmail.com

(x) ASHOK POTTERY WORKS

Ashok pottery Works is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Wash Basin, Pedestal Wash Basin, Anglo, Squatting Pan, Urinals, Water Closet, etc.
Address: Tarnetar Road, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02751-220687, 222987, 09824453887, 09825387802

(xi) AMAR CERAMIC WORKS

Amar Ceramic Works is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as wash basin, toilet seat, European Water Closet.
Address: “Bhagat Niwas”, Sarvoday Society, Tarnetar Road, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Mahendra S. Prajapati
Contact No: 09825216333, 02751-220155
Fax: 02751-221733

(xii) AMBUJA CERAMIC

Ambuja ceramic is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products.
Address: Thangadh, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Ankit Doshi
Contact No: 09099951322, 02751-296396

(xiii) AMIC CERAMICS

Amic Ceramics is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Wash Basin, Pedestal Wash Basin, Couple Suites Water Closets, Indian Water Closets, Urinals.

amic sanitary ware thangadh

Address: Vagadia Road, Thangadh -363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02751-220360, 09426688891, 08042783181

(xiv) ANTIQUE CERAMIC

Antique ceramics is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Pedestal Wash Basin, Wash Basin, Commode, Urinal, Accessories, Indian Pans. it is one of the Top 100 sanitaryware manufacturers around the world.

antique ceramics sanitary ware manufacturers

Address: Vagadia Road, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 098257 76473, 098252 21405, 02751-220097, 221797 Fax: 02751-220405
Email: info@antiqueceramic.in, antique.ceramic2009@gmail.com Find more details about 100 sanitaryware manufacturers in world.

(xv) AQUATECH CERAMICS

Aquatech Ceramics is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Crowny wash basin, wall hung closets, water closet, wall hanging urinals.
Address: Thangadh, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Maulik Patel
Contact No: 09408388018

(xvi) AVANI CERAMICS

Avani Ceramics is the manufacturers of sanitaryware products such as European Water Closet without and with cistern.
Address: G. I. D. C., Estate, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 097255 02991

C Series

(i) CHOICE SANITARYWARE INDUSTRIES

Choice Sanitary ware Industries is the Manufacturer & Exporter of sanitarywar products such as Wash basin,Squatting Pans, Water Closets and Accessories. And it is named in the brand of Anchor Vitreous Brand Sanitary ware.

choice sanitaryware in thangadh

Address: Chotila Road, Opp. Jamwadi Bus Stop, Thangadh, Gujarat-363530, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Jay A. Trived i
Contact No: 02751- 220146, 220348, 220727, 09909082810
Email: export@choicesanitaryware.com

(ii) CHAMPION CERAMIC

Champion Ceramics is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Wash Basins, Pedestal, European Water Closets, Anglo India Water Closets, Indian Pans, Rural Pans, Railway Pans, Soap Dish, Cistern, Lab Sinks.

champion gujarat sanitaryware factory

Address: Navagam Road, Thangadh-363 530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02751 – 222001.
Email: championcera@gmail.com, championceramic@yahoo.com

D Series

(i) DALWADI CERAMIC WORKS

Dalwadi Ceramic works started in the year of 2010, It is the Manufacturers, Exporters and Suppliers of Sanitary Ceramic Products such as Squatting Pan, Urinals, Wash Basin With Pedestal, Urinals, Water Closet, Anglo, Accessories, products with Rustic and Double Color Series, MD Pan, etc.,

dalwadi ceramics sanitaryware companies

Address: Vagadiya road, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 09099937722,09099937723

(ii) DURGA CERAMIC INDUSTRIES

Durga Ceramic Industries is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as bath tap, bath tub, wash basin, water closets, bidets, urinals.
Address: Chotila Roda, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Hardik Kanjariya
Contact No: 07383995568

G Series

(i) SHRI GAYATRI CERAMICS

Shri Gayatri is the Manufacturer and supplier of sanitary wares, refractories, toys.
Address: Vagudiya Road, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Haresh Bhai

Contact No: 09825437092

(ii) GOKUL CERAMIC INDUSTRIES

Gokul ceramic Industries is the Sanitary ware Products Supplier and Manufacturers of Ceramic pan, ceramic wash basin, ceramic soap dish, ceramic standing urinals. It was Year Established in the year of 1995.

gokul sanitary ware industries thangadh

Address: Amarapar, Navagam Road, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Brijesh Patel
Contact No: 09426490031

(iii) GURUKRUPA CERAMIC

Gurukrupa ceramic is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Pedestal Wash Basin, Wash Basin, Water Closets, Indian Pans, Urinal, Accessories, Footrest, P Trap, P Trap Big, S Trap Big.

gurukrupa sanitary ware manufacturers in thangadh

Address: Navagam Road, Navagam, Thangadh-363 530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02751- 220066, 098252 17718
Email: gurukrupaceramic1@gmail.com

H Series

(i) HARDIK CERAMIC

Hardik Ceramic is the manufacturers of Sanitary ware products such as Wash basins, faucets, kitchen sinks, mirrors.
Address: Rasta-4, Vagadiya road, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Jayesh Kanzariya
Contact No: 09722880012, 02751-220868

(ii) HARESH REFRACTORIES

Haresh refractories is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as refractories and wash basin. Address: Navagam Road, Amrapar, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Haresh S. Prajapati
Contact No: 09638227855, 02751-220855
Fax: 02751-221855

(iii) HINDUSTAN CERAMICS

Hindustan ceramics is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as wash basin in the Vitrosa Series, Rustic Series, Sticker Series, Platinum Series, Plain Series, White Series and Table Top, Pans, Orissa Pan, Commode, Urinals, Accessories.

hindustan sanitaryware factories in thangadh

Address: Navagam Road, Amarapar, Behind Ansoya Way Brij, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02751- 222833, 098252 16333
Email: info@hindustanceramic.com

J Series

(i) JEEVANDEEP CERAMIC

Jeevandeep Ceramic is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Wash basin, pan, Urinal, Closet, Table top basin, European water closet.

jeevandeep sanitaryware company

Address: Post Box. 56, Tarnetar Road, Tarnetar, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Dayal Prajapati
Contact No: 09825217645,02751-220543/222755
Fax: 02751-220055

(ii) SHREE JAGDAMBA VIJAY CERAMIC WORKS

Shree Jagdamba Vijay Ceramic Works is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products.
Address: P.B.NO.27, Opp. Railway Station, Dist Thangadh, Surjnagar, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Anand G. Narania
Contact No: 09825193106, 02751-220275
Fax: 02751-220275

K Series

(i) KETAN POTTERY WORK

Ketan pottery works are the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Washbasin, pedestal wash basin, designers washbasin, soap dish, wash hand basin, bathroom wash basin, colour wash basin, modular wash basin.
Address: Tarnetar Road, Amarpur, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Pradeepbhai S Dhadhal
Contact No: 09925925000, 02751-220837/222637
Fax: : 02751-222637

(ii) KOKIL CERAMICS

Kokil ceramics is is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Orissa pan.
Address: Thangadh, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02751- 220681, 222768, 098253 31268

(iii) KARTIK CERAMIC INDUSTRIES

Kartik Ceramic Industries is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Pedestal Wash Basin, Vitrosa Sets, Printed Sets, Rustic Sets, Indian Pans, Wash Basin, Urinal, Water Closets, Accessories.

Kartik ceramic sanitary ware company in thangadh

Address: Amarapar, Tarnetar Road, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02751-221678,230892, 098254 45653, 094266 45653
Fax: 02751- 220478
Email: kartik.ceramic.industries@gmail.com

M Series

(i) MANGALDEEP CERAMICS

Mangaldeep Ceramics is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Orissa pan, Pedestal Wash basin,urinals, Wash basin, Water closet Anglo Indian.
Address: Tarnetar Road, Surendranagar Dt, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Nitin Shah
Contact No: 09825222883, 02751-220883/220483
Fax: 02751-222883

(ii) MAX CERAMIC INDUSTRIES

Max ceramic Industries is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as wash basin, bath tub. Address: Navagam Road, Amrapar, Dist-Surender Nagar, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Mayur Shah
Contact No: 09825217678, 02751-222335

(iii) MULIYA BROTHERS

Muliya brothers is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Wash Basin, Kitchen Sink, Ceramic Pillars, Steel Soap Dish, Bathroom Soap Dish.
Address: Tarnetar Road, Surya Chowk, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Kishan A. Muliya
Contact No: 09998996896, 02751-220218
Fax: 02751-220218

N Series

(i) NAILESH WORKS

Nailesh works is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Pedestal Wash Basin, Wash Basin, Water Closets, Indian Pans, Urinal, Sinks, Accessories.
Address: Tarnetar Road, Amarapar, Thangadh-363 530, Gujarat , India.
Contact No: 02751- 220660, 094266-20560,098795-20560
Fax: 02751-222160

(ii) NEW LIGHT CERAMICS

New light Ceramics is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Suites, Pedestal Wash Basin, Wash Basin, Water Closets, Indian Pans, Urinal, Sinks, Accessories.

New LIght Sanitary ware Industry in Gujarat 150×134

Address: Amrapar, Surendranagar Dt, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Jayendrabhai, Urmilbhai
Contact No: 02751- 220748
Fax: 02751- 222748

(iii) NAVRANG CERAMIC

Navrang Ceramic is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Ceramic foot Rest, Corner wash basin, European water closet, Pedestal wash basin.
Address: Amrapar, Surendranagar, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Kishore Rangparia
Contact No: 09825218198, 02781-2461958
Fax: : 02781-2461958

O Series

(i) ORACLE CERAMIC

Oracle Ceramic is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as bath tap, bath tub, wash basin, water closets, bidets, urinals.

oracle ceramic thangadh sanitaryware industries

Address: Than Chotila Road, At Jamvadi, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Dilip Surani
Contact No: 09638169071

(ii) ORIENT CERMIC

Orient ceramic is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Suites, Water Closet with Cistern, Wash Basins, Rustic Wash Basins, Vitrosa Wash Basins, Squatting Pan, Urinals, Lab & Kitchen Sinks ,Shower Tray, Bathroom Accessories, Flush Tank, Toilet Fitting and Seat Covers ,Ceramic Toilet Seats, Ceramic Toilet Pans, Water Closets, Floor Tiles, Wall Tiles, Orissa Pan, Half Pedestal Wash Basin.

Address: Vagadia Road, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.

(iii) OSWAL POTTERY WORKS

Oswal Pottery works is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Designer wash basin, wash basin, ceramic wash basin, Indian toilet seats, urinal, antique wash basin, sanitary toilet seat, designer pedestal wash basin, Pan & Urinal, Commode & Pan, Basin and Wash Basin with Pedestal.
Address: Amarapar, P.O. Thangadh, Surendranagar Dt, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Kirit S. Prajapati, Mr. Jaydip K. Prajapati
Contact No: 09724467514, 02751-221915
Fax: 02751-221815

(iv) OSWAL INDUSTRIES

Oswal Industries is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as ceramic wash basin, wall hung basin, corner basin, urinals, pans, etc.,
Address: Tarnetar Road, Amrapar, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Dhirendra Prajapati
Contact No: 02751-221460, 221682
Fax: : 02751-220460

P Series

(i) PARMAR CERAMIC INDUSTRIES

Parmar Ceramic Industries is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products.

Address: Near Dholeshwar Railway Crossing, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Iswarbhai J Savadia
Contact No: 02751-220440, 09825217640
Fax: 02751-222440

(ii) PANKAJ CERAMIC

Pankaj Ceramic is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as wash basin, pedestal, urinals.

pankaj sanitary ware industry india

Contact Person: Mr. Vikram Dodhiwala
Address: Tarnetar Road, Amrapar, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 09825216500, 02751-220709
Fax: 02751-220309

(iii) PARADISE SANITARYWARE PVT. LTD

Paradise Sanitaryware Pvt Ltd is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Electronic EWCs, One Piece Water closet with Integrated Cistern, Seat Cover, Two Piece Water closet With Cistern, Seat Cover, Wall Hung With Seat Cover, Floor Mounting Water closet,T able Top Wash Basins, Above Counter Basins, Cabinet Basins, Under Counter Basins, Wash Basins, Urinals, Squatting Pan, Color & Designer Basins.
Address: 2nd Floor, Krish Business Planet, Limda Chowk, Rajkot-360001, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Viral H. Tolia
Contact No: 02781-2228943, 09825054559, 09879522824,09825237202
Fax: 0281-2228942

(iv) PARIMAL CERAMIC INDUSTRIES

Parimal Ceramic Industries is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as washbasin, European western closet, bidet, urinals, tiles, bath tub, sensors.
Address: Tarnetar Road, Post Box. 55, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Dharmendra Jala
Contact No: 09825219475, 02751-220475
Fax: 02751-221375

(v) PRAKASH CERAMIC LTD

Prakash Ceramic Ltd is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Pedestal Wash Basin, Taiwan Wash Basin, Orissa Pan, Half Stall Urinal,Squatting Pan, Water Closets, Toilet Seats, Bathroom Traps, Foot Rests.etc.

prakash ceramics sanitary ware thangadh

Address: Vagadia Road, Surendranagar Dt, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02751-220856, 220359
Fax: : 02751-220589
Email: prakasceramics@yahoo.in

(vi) PREM REFRACTORIES

Prem Refractories is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as washbasin, European western closet, bidet, urinals, tiles, bath tub, sensors.
Address: Near City Railway Crossing, Surendranagar, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Prabhu Das Bhai
Contact No: 09825054333, 02751-220514
Fax: 02751-221353

(vii) PRATIMA REFRACTORIES

Pratima Refractories is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as wash basin, pan, urinal, washbasin with pedestal, las vegas basin, table top basin.
Address: Thangadh, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr.. Dayalji Prajapati/ Harish Bhai
Contact No: 02751- 220543, 09825217645
Fax: 02751-220055

(viii) PARAGON

Paragon is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Wash Basin.
Address: Choruira Road, Vagadia Dt, Surendra Nagar, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02751- 263336, 09879507744, 09825215036
Fax: 02751- 263116
Email: paragon@yahoo.in

(ix) PARRYVIT SANITARYWARE

Parryvit Sanitary ware is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as bath tap, bath tub, wash basin, water closets, bidets, urinals.
Address: Near Gurukrupa S, Navagam Road, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Dushyant Godhani
Contact Person: 09898684996

R Series

(i) SHREE RANUJA POTTERY

Shree Ranuja Pottery is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Wash Basin.
Address: Tarnetar Road, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Yogesh B. Prajapati
Contact No: 09825397997,02751-221040
Fax: 02751-221040

(ii) RAGHUVIR CERAMICS

Raghuvir Ceramics is of the leading Manufacturers, Exporters and Suppliers of Ceramic Based Products such as Wash Basin, Water Closet, MD Pan, Urinals, etc.

Raghuvir thangadh sanitary ware factory

Address: Vagadia, Chorvira Road, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Jayantibhai Prajapati
Contact No: 07053128244
Fax: 02756-263319

(iii) RAINBOW

Rainbow Ceramic is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Pedestal Basins, Basins, Closets Pan, Water Closets Pan, Water Closet Pan.
Address: Aya-Chorvira Road, Vagadia, Muli Tk, Surendra Nagar Dt, Thangadh-363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Ravjibhai R. Prajapati
Contact No: 02756-263373,09879463326, 09879763327
Fax: 02756-263327

(iv) REAL PVT. LTD.

Real Pvt Ltd is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Urinals, Wash Basin, Bathroom traps, Rural pan.

real ceramics Pvt ltd sanitaryware company

Address: Abhepar, Navagam road, Chotila Dt, Thangadh–363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Ghanshyamsinh Jadeja
Contact No: 09898518497,09879075597
Email: realcera@yahoo.in

(v) RAJDEEP INDUSTRIES

Rajdeep Industries is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products Wash basin such as Vitrosa Mat Series, Vitrosa Series, Vitrosa Basin, Rustic, Sticker, Basin, Pan, Water Closet, IWC, Urinals, Sink, Accessories.

rajdeep manufacturers of sanitary ware in thangadh

Rajdeep Industries
Address: P.B. No.93, Amrapar, Thangadh–363 530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02751-220817, 098251 91827
Fax: 02751-220988
Email: info@rajdeep.com

(vi) RELIANCE

Reliance Ceramics is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as a Wash basin, European western closet, Bidet, Urinals, tiles, bath tub.
Address: Amrapar Dist- Surender Garh, Thangadh–363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Nanji Patel
Contact No: 09825564999, 02751-221999
Fax: 02751-221999

S Series

(i) SMRUTI POTTERY WORKS

Smruti Pottery Works is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Squatting pan, pedestal wash basin, Wash Basin, water closets, urinal, bidets, shower tray, a kitchen sink.

Smruti Pvt ltd sanitary ware factory

Address: Post Box No. 51, Amprapar, Thangadh–363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Ashwin Maru
Contact No: 09825215642, 02751-220428/220314/220442
Fax: 02751-220842

(ii) SUNRAY CERA

Sunray Cera is the manufacturers of sanitaryware products such as Single Piece, Orissa Pan, Designer Series, Wall Hung, EWC and Anglo, Serena Designer Set.
Address: Liva Sanitarywares-2008, Navagam Road, Navagam, Thangadh–363 530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02751-220892, 09925222652 ,09925766955
Fax: 02751-220792
Email: info@livasanitary.com, sunraycera@hotmail.com

(iii) SUNRISE POTTERY WORKS

Sunrise Pottery Works is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Urinals, Pedestal Wash Basin, Water Closet.
Address: P. O. Box No. 51, Thangadh–363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Ramjibhai Maru
Contact No: 09825215642

(iv) SUPREME

Supreme ceramics is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as manufacturer, supplier and exporter of Wash Basin, Pan, Urinal, European Water closet.

supreme ceramics sanitary ware manufacturers in thangadh

Address: Opp. Sunrise Pottery Works, Amarapar, Thangadh–363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person:
Mr. Rajesh Maru Contact No: 09879522428

(v) SURYADEEP INDUSTRIES

Suryadeep Industries is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Wash Basin, European Western Closet, Bidet, Urinals, Tiles, Bath Tub, Sensors and All Types of Sanitary ware Items.

suryadeep sanitaryware industries

Address: Tarnetar Road, Post Box No. 55, Near Kotecha S, Thangadh–363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. B K Patel
Contact No: 07600030516, 02751-221123
Fax: 02751-221623

(vi) SAGAR INDUSTRIES

Sagar Industries is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Toilet seats, wash basin, Pans.
Address: Tarnetar Road, Near Kapoor Vav, Amrapar, Thangadh–363530,Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Ghanshyam Raval
Contact No: 09825216300, 02751-220802
Fax: 02751-220976

(vii) SARVODAY

Sarvoday is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Pedestal Basin, Toilet Suits, Urinal, Toilet, Water Closet etc.
Address: Tarnetar Road, Amrapar, Thangadh–363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Vijay M Bhoraniya
Contact No: 09879070777, 09913129571

(viii) SAMRAT INDUSTRIES

Samrat Industries is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Wash Basin, Urinals, European water closet, Squatting pan.

Samrat sanitaryware

Address: Vagadia Road, Near Railway Station, Surendra Nagar Dt, Thangadh –363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Hitesh Bhai Shah
Contact No: 09825217887, 02751-220870/220287
Fax: 02751-220870

(ix) SELCO CERA PVT.LTD

Selco Cera Pvt Ltd is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products.
Address: By Pass Tarnetar Road, Amrapar, Thangadh–363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 098250 56246, 098989 88456, 02751 – 221900

(x) SINTEL CERA PRODUCTS

Sintel Cera Products is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Accessories, Tiles, Wash Basin, Md Pan, Wash Basin, Stainless Steel Kitchen Sink, Wash Basin.
Address: Opposite Himalay Navagam, Thangadh–363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Kanu Bhai Patel
Contact No: 9924136142, 02751-220142

(xi) SKY LIGHT

Sky light is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products.
Address: Tarnetar Road, Amarpar Nr Mangaldeep, Thangadh, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr Dinesh Kuma, Mr Lakhtar
Contact No: 02751-222745, 09913051222, 09825221225

(xii) SMRUTI CERAMIC INDUSTRIES LTD

Smruti ceramic industries are in the brand name of Swisware sanitarywares, Producing sanitary ware products are Pedestal Wash Basin, Wash Basin, Color Range, Urinal,Water Closet, Accessories, Pans.

Smruti Pvt ltd sanitary ware factory

Address: Navagam Road, Thangadh–363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02751- 221234
Email: info@smruticeramic.com, sunrisecera@gmail.com

(xiii) STAR INDUSTRIES

Star Industries is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Wash basin, Vitrosa Set, European water closet. In the brand of scampolo, star cera & Hindustan brand is available.
Address: Abhepar Road, Thangadh–363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 221086, 098252 20086
Fax: 220086

(xiv) SUNLINE

Sunline was established in the year of 1993,It is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Pedestal Basin, Toilet Suits, Urinal, wash basin, pan, commode, Water Closet, Accessories etc.,
Address: Amarapar, Thangadh–363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02751-220880 Fax: 02751-220980
Email: info@sunlines.com

(xv) SUPRIYA

Supriya ceramics is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products.
Address: Surendra Nagar, Thangadh–363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 09427216287

(xvi) SAFFRON CERA

Saffron Cera is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products.
Address: Than Wankaner Road, Nr Khodiyar, Thangadh, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 09825221637

T Series

(i) TAMCO POTTERIES

Tamco Potteries is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Wash basin, pedestal, water closet, urinal, pan, wall hung closet, wall-hung urinal, ceramic wall hung, sink, wash basin pedestal, couple suite, Pedestals. It was established in the year 2009.

Tamco potteries gujarat sanitaryware factory

Address: Near Jay Ambe Society, Thangadh–363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Chetan Thakar
Contact No: 09426713393, 02751-220804
Fax: 02751-221169

(ii) TOP (Anchor) SANITARYWARES

Top (Anchor) Sanitarywares is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Water Closet with Cistern, Wash Basin with Pedestal, Wash Basin, W.C.Pans, Squatting Pans & Urinals, Sanitary ware Accessories.

top anchor industries sanitaryware company in gujarat

Top Anchor Sanitary ware Industries
Address: P.O.Box-1, Chotila road, Thangadh–363 530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02751 – 220946, 221646
Fax: 02751-220430

(iii) TIRUPATI

Tirupati Ceramics is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products.
Address: Surendra Nagar, Thangadh–363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02751 220874/221641, 09825078841
Fax: 02751- 220148

(iv) TECHNO

Techno is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products.
Address: Surendra Nagar, Thangadh–363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 09825490993

U Series

(i) UDAY CERAMICS

Uday ceramics is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Wash Basin Pedestal, Couple Suite, Wash Basin, Table Top Wash Basin, Commode, Pan, Urinal, Sink, Accessories offered in Color Range. It was established in the year of 1991.

Uday ceramics sanitary ware manufacturers

Address: Amarapar, Thangadh–363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02751-220880
Fax: : 02751-220980
Email: info@udayceramics.com

(ii) UJASH INDUSTRIES

Ujash Industries is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products.
Address: Surendra Nagar, Thangadh–363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 09824511809

(iii) UNITED REFRACTORIES

United Refractories is the manufacturers of sanitaryware products.
Address: Thangadh, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02751- 220809

(iv) UNIQUE SANITARIES PVT. LTD.

Unique Sanitaries Pvt. Ltd. was established in the year of 2000, It is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Wash Basin, Water Closet, Orissa Pan, Pedestal Set, Urinal/Sinks, Accessories.

unique sanitaries thangadh sanitary ware manufacturers

Address: Tarnetar Road, Thangadh–363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Sureshbhai Gosaliya
Contact No: 02751- 220433, 220522, 098252 15312
Fax: 02751- 220533
Email: info@uniquesanitaryware.com

(v) USHA

Usha ceramics is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products.
Address: Surendra Nagar, Thangadh–363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 02751-220641

(vi) U V S

UVS is the manufacturers of sanitaryware products.
Address: Surendra Nagar, Thangadh–363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact No: 09825215908

V Series

(i) V. B. NARANIA & COMPANY

V. B. NARANIA & Co. was established in the year 1975. It is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Pedestal Wash Basin, ranges are White, Rustic, Repose, Vitrosa Wash Basin, Water Closets, Indian Pans, Urinal, Rustic Pans, Closet Pan, Stoneware Jar, Roofing Tiles, Accessories.
Address: P. O. Box No, 75, Opp. Rly Station, Thangadh–363530, Gujarat, India.

(ii) VIKAS

Vikas is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products.
Address: Tarnetar Road, Amrapar, Thangadh–363035, Gujarat, India.

(iii) VISHWAS CERAMIC

Vishwas Ceramic is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Wall Mounted Toilet, Urinal, Suits, Orissa Pan, Toilet Suits, Pedestal Wash Basin, Table Top Basin, Counter Basins, etc.
Address: Navagam Road, Navagam, Thangadh–363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Shailesh
Contact No: 02751-221642, 09825671717
Fax: 02751-222541

(iv) SHREE VARIA TILES WORKS CO.

Shree Varia Tiles Works Co is the prominent manufacturer, exporter and supplier of a varied range of sanitary ware such as wash basins, pedestal wash basins (orchid set), wall hung, flat black wall urinal, etc.

Shree Varia tiles thangadh sanitary ware manufacturers

Address: Post Box No. 62, Tarnetar Road, Thangadh–363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Ishvarbhai Savadia, Mr. Ashokbhai Doshi
Contact No: 02751-220258, 09825236258
Fax: 02751-221027

(v) VANDANA

Vandana is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as Toilet Set, Bathroom Sanitary Wares,Wash Basin, Wall Mounted Water Closets and Squatting Pan Cistern.
Address: Near Ansuya Temple, Amarapur, Thangadh–363530 ,Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr Harish Bhai
Contact No: 08045318454

Y Series

(i) SHREE YOGIRAJ POTTERY WORKS

Shree Yogiraj Pottery works is the manufacturers of sanitary ware products such as a wash basin, European western closet, bidet, urinals, tiles,bath tub, sensors.
Address: Tarnetar Road, Opposite Krishna Weigh Bridge, Thangadh–363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Rajesh Prajapati

Contact No: 09825381863, 02751-220363
Fax: 02751-220063

Z Series

(i) ZALAWAD TILES WORKS

Zalawad Tiles works are the Products Trader and Manufacturers such as sanitary ware items, bath fittings, washbasin, European western closet, bidet, glass washbasin.
Address: Tarnetar Road, Thangadh–363530, Gujarat, India.
Contact Person: Mr. Prakash Shah
Contact No: 02751-220205 You can find more sanitaryware manufacturing companies in Gujarat here.

What is a water closet?

The water closet is a ceramic sanitary ware product which is used as a toilet. This kind of toilets is more hygiene and easy to clean. The Toilet which is designed to sit is known as water closets. Usually Sitting height of the water closet will be 400 mm (16 inches) from the ground. This sitting height 400 mm(16 inches) is not going to be always same, but it is a standard height preferred when designing a water closet toilet. Water closet will be attached to a tank for flushing the waste. That tank can be made by ceramic or plastic materials. Mostly the plastic seat and cover will be connected with the water closets. The water closet is also known as a European water closet. The minimum life of the seat cover will be around 10,000 usages by using polypropylene or polyurethane toilet covers or seats made.

what is a water closet

In the above picture, you can see the water closet set in a restroom. This Picture consists of 1) Water closet 2) Seat & Cover 3) Plastic tank connected with WC.

WC connections

Below you can see the flow diagram of WC connection.

WC connection

WC will be connected to the drainage using rubber water sealant (gasket), and it will be fixed in-wall or floor using fittings. Then the water tank will be connected to the tank by a plastic pipe and the water pipeline connected with the water tank. At any time someone flushes the tank, water will be flushed out through the drainage. And the water will be filled in a tank through a water pipeline. A float switch will be available in the tank, which always helps to maintain a water level. Usually water tank capacity will be 6 litres to 10 litres.

Production of Water Closet

Water Closets are manufactured in sanitary ware industries. The water closet is ceramic material fired at above 1200 degree Celsius (2192 Fahrenheit). Material used to produce the toilets are sand, feldspar & clay. Desired toilet design will be built using plaster of Paris mould. Once the design is made, it is dried. Then it is required colour glaze is sprayed on the piece and sent to the firing. Once firing finishes, the toilet will be tested and sent to packing.

See more new technology used in glazing

Fittings & Accessories for Water Closet

When you buy a WC normally, some Fittings & Accessories will be available with the package. They are

1) Seat Cover with fittings

2) Floor mount Fittings or Wall mount fittings

3) Flushing mechanism with Tank.

4) Water sealant(Gasket).

Seat & Cover With fittings:

A seat and cover will be available with the water closet. Accessories will also be available with the box.

water closet fittings and accessories

Floor mount Fittings or Wall mount Fittings:

These fittings are used to mount the closet in the wall or floor. Below is the picture of Floor mount fitting from a closet box.

Floor mount fittings for water closet

Various Designs of Water Closets

Water closets different designs are

1) Standard water closet

2) One-piece water closet

3) Two-piece water closet

4) wall-hung, WC. 5) ‘S’ trap WC. 7) ‘P’ catch WC

You can find top Branded water closet manufacturers

Water Closet quality tests

After production, WCs undergoes some quality checks. It must pass the test otherwise that WC is not suitable for use. Some of the tests are, FLUSH TEST

The water closet should satisfy the requirements of test. These tests are

1. TOILET PAPER TEST

2. HOLDING CAPACITY

3. SMUDGE TEST 4. BALL TEST

a) Double Ball test

b) Fifty Ball Test

These tests shall be conducted by conducting the water closets to low – level cistern conforming to I.S 7714, 1984 or I.S 7281, 1994. A cistern shall be 30 cm. and the water closet is conducted to the cistern by 40 mm normal diameter flushing/pipe.

TOILET PAPER TEST: The water closet shall be filled with water to its normal water seal level and charged with six pieces of usual toilet paper or polythene sheet thickness of 0.05 mm approximately and Size of 150X115 mm and loosely crumbled. It shall then be repeated four times and the ware should discharge the full charged paper.

HOLDING CAPACITY TEST: The water closet when scaled up the outlet and vent (if fitted) with water tight seal shall be capable of holding not less than 10 litres of water between the normal water level and the highest possible water closet as inserted.

SMUDGE TEST: The hole of the interior surface of the water closet to 40 mm below the flushing, the rim are smudged with quartz powder with contrasting colour passing through 1.18 mm I.S sieve and shall be flushed immediately after flushing, There should not be any smudge left below.

BALL TEST: 1. DOUBLE BALL TEST: The balls should be made of non-absorbent material. The relative density of the ball should be between 1.075 and 1.080. The diameter of the ball shall be 43+/ 0.5 mm place the balls shall be discharged in the normal manner. 2. FIFTY BALL TEST: Fifty balls of non-absorbent, having a mass each of 3.7+/-0.1 gm. And a diameter 20+/-0.1 mm shall be dropped into the water closet and flushed. Repeat the test for 5 times. A minimum of 8% of all balls should be fused out in the tests. You can refer more sanitaryware lab tests taken in Lab here.

Advantages of Water closets

Good for elder people and sick people to use. Physical activity is less required. Easy to clean. More hygiene compared to squatting pans.

Disadvantages of Water closets

More water consumption compares to conventional methods. Flushing requires 6 litters but in conventional methods, less water is required. The research found that using WC gives more knee problem in future.

Acronym related to Water Closet

Water closet: WC European Water closet: EWC Wall Hung Water closet: Wall hung WC One-piece water closet: One-piece WC Two piece Water Closet: Two-piece WC Coupled Water closet: Coupled WC.

Sanitary ware manufacturing/production process consists of 10 steps from Body preparation to Packing.

sanitary ware manufacturing production process

Body Preparation

In Sanitary ware Manufacturing/Production process body preparation is the first step. In this process, Slip is produced by mixing Ball clay, Silica, China clay and feldspar. This composition is called Tri-axial body. Consist of Body former, Filler and flux. Body former is plastic material which is required to give strength at the green stage of the sanitary ware. The filler is non-plastic material which is going to give strength after the firing. Flux is a non-plastic material which added to the body to reduce the fusion temperature point of the body during firing. All raw materials are mixed at the proper position and brought to required physical parameters.

Usually following theological parameters are checked after slip preparations – Fluidity, Thixotropic of the slip at 1 minute and 5 minutes, lighter weight.

These parameters will vary depending upon the composition, climate, casting (Bench casting, high-pressure casting, Low pressure casting for sanitary ware and others) required casting rate.

Supply slip will be a mixture of virgin slip, runoff slip & scrap slip. This composition also will vary according to the availability of the scrap slip available and required casting rate.

Once slip prepared according to the required parameter, it will be sent to slip storage silos. Whenever slip is required, then it will be supplied to the casting department for casting.

Glaze Preparation

In this process, the glaze prepared for spraying department. Body preparation and glaze preparation are a parallel process. Different colours of glaze will be made according to the requirement. The raw material used for glaze preparations is zircon, feldspar, quartz, calcite, china clay and zinc oxide. Raw materials ground in a ball mill and particle size tested before unloaded from ball mill. Alumina ball used in ball mils because of its strength. The glaze will be passed through sieves to remove coarse particles and magnets to remove iron particles. Sample spraying will be done and fired to check the final colour of the glaze. The glaze should be approved by a lab before used in manufacturing/production. Before supply to the spraying, the glaze will be mixed with a binder to give the required properties. Density, drying time, fluidity and viscosity are maintained to get the proper spray.

Moulding/Mould Preparation

In this process required shape and size mould will be produced for casting. Case moulds are received form case making section to Moulding section. Case moulds used cast plaster moulds. Mould is prepared using mixing water with Plaster of Paris in a proper ratio. Plaster of Paris chemical formula is CaSO₄.1/2 H₂O. Usually, the ratio between plaster and water will be around 4:3. This ratio may vary little depends on the purity of the plaster, required strength for the mould, etc. For a single ware up to four moulds for complex models, it will be even more. Once the mould is prepared, it will be dried in drier to remove the excess water from the mould. This stage is crucial to increase the life of the mould. The plaster used for mould making is known as beta plaster for their absorbent properties. Plaster mould will be used in normal castings. Resin mould is used for high-pressure casting.

Casting

There are different types of casting available for sanitary ware. They are normal bench casting, battery casting, beam casting, low-pressure casting and high-pressure casting for sanitaryware. Every casting has its advantage and disadvantages. The process of casting in same in all types of casting, slip is poured into the mould and allowed to form the casting layer on the mould. Then the excess slip is drained through a drain hole. Now casted ware is allowed to dried and then released from the mould. In this stage, the ware is known as greenware. This greenware is allowed to dry in atmospheric temperature for one to three days before sent to drier. Before drying that greenware should be finish for smooth joint edges, repair small cracks, small pinholes, bad finishing, etc. Once this ware is ready, it will send to drier for drying. The moisture content of the greenware before drier will be varying from 22% to 12%.

Drying

Green piece form casting will be sent to Control and spraying through Drier. In Drier, Green MOR of the ware improved by removing the mechanically combined water from ware. The moisture content of greenware after drier will be varying from 1.5% to 0.5%. The drying process will take from 6.5 hours to 12 hrs. Drier may be batch drier or tunnel drier. The batch drier will be loaded at once and unloaded at once. Tunnel drier will be fed continuously with ware and continuously discharged at other ends. Gradual heat will be done from atmosphere temperature to 110 C to 120 C. During this process, and ware will lose its weight and shrink in size.

Control & Spraying

In this section, ware will be inspected for a defect. Defected wares will be repaired or rejected depends upon the defects. Usually, the control and spraying department will be handled by the same team. Kerosene is used to find the defects in the wares. Properly checked ware will be sent to spraying are for spraying.

Glaze received from glaze house will be used for spraying. Different colours sprayed in wares as per the production schedule. Manual methods or robotic methods will do the spraying. In spraying 0.8 mm to 1.6 mm thickness of the glaze is applied on the wares as per the requirement. Once spraying completed, it is allowed some time to dry for a few minutes. Then logo is printed on ware using screen printing method or decal methods. Nowadays after firing also log printing is done by using powered printing machine.

Firing

Sprayed ware loaded in kiln car. Dust and other impurities are removed from ware by air blower or vacuum. Usually, The Kiln maximum temperature will be 1250 C. Different types of the kiln can be used for firing (shuttle kiln, tunnel kiln), usually tunnel kiln is used. Shuttle kiln is used for refiring. Sanitary ware kiln has three zones, preheating, firing and cooling zones. In preheating zone mechanically and chemically combined water has been removed from the ware. At firing zone, all the raw material are fused together, and glaze is fused evenly. In the cooling zone, sudden cooling is done to create a glossy surface. Once the product is fired, it will be moved to the sorting area.

Sorting

In this stage of the process, all wares from the kiln are inspected and sorted according to the Defects. If ware is defects free, then it will be sent to the packing section for packing. If ware has minor defects like pin holes, then it will be repaired by cold fill. It has a light glaze or wavy or blob then it will be sent to refire section. Find All sanitaryware defects. If there is a crack, it will be rejected. This quality check is very important to maintain standards. And also random sampling will be made for a flush test, smoke test, leak test and load test.

Refire/Rework

All repair wares will be sent to the rework section for minor repairs. All ware is required according to the defect and sent to tunnel kiln. Once repaired and fired again, it will be inspected and again separated as per the grade. If quality standards are met, then it will be sent to packing. If needs repairing again, it will repair in refire section. Major and un-repairable wares will be sent to the rejected area. These are normally war-page or cracked pieces.

Packing

It is the final stage of the sanitary ware manufacturing/production process. All Sanitary wares that are passed quality standards are packed and dispatched to the warehouse.

Conclusion

Other than these sections – Lab, New product development and Mould & case are making section also involved in Sanitary ware manufacturing/production process. This process is only an outline of the sanitary ware manufacturing/ production process. All process are discussed in detail in other sections.

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